A következő címkéjű bejegyzések mutatása: B747SP. Összes bejegyzés megjelenítése
A következő címkéjű bejegyzések mutatása: B747SP. Összes bejegyzés megjelenítése

A race around the world: Boeing 747SP versus a Gulfstream IV and a Concorde

By Alex Kvassay
Former salesman for Beech and Learjet

Trips around the world have been popular ever since Magellan set the stage with his trip in the 16th century. Jules Verne wrote a famous book about such a trip.

A US airman claims to have the unique record of having flown around the world facing backwards all the way in the tail gunner position of a Boeing B52.

The last round-the-world record was set by aviatrix Brooke Knappe in 1984 in a Gulfstream III which circled the globe in 45 hr 32 min.

Armed with this knowledge, a few of us—all friends, including Clay Lacy (a United Airlines 747 captain at the time)—plus Bruce McCaw and Joe Clark, decided at a luncheon at the 1987 Paris Air Show that it was time to set a new world record. To achieve this, Lacy arranged to borrow for a weekend a United Airlines Boeing 747SP, N147UA, which we named "Friendship One."

Having gone this far, we sold tickets for $5000 each for the flight. The basis for United letting us use the airplane was that the trip was for charity.

The entire proceeds of 100 tickets—$500,000—was donated to a children's hospital in Seattle WA. The Boeing Company contributed the costs of fuel, landing fees, etc. Volkswagen paid catering and other incidental expenses. For this, we dragged a VW Golf around the world in the cargo bay.

The flight was commanded by Lacy and the passenger list included such celebrities as Moya Lear (Bill Lear's widow), Astronaut Neil Armstrong, United Airlines Founder Ed Carlson and Aerobatic Pilot Bob Hoover.

Someone computed that there were more than 100,000 flight hours accumulated by the participants—most of whom were pilots, obviously.

To qualify for an around-the-world record, the distance covered has to be a minimum of 36,787.5 km, or about 23,000 miles. On Jan 28–30, 1988, departing from and returning to BFI (Boeing Field, Seattle WA), we made 2 refueling stops enroute—ATH (Ellinikon, Athens, Greece) (now closed) and TPE (Taipei, Taiwan). Our total elapsed time was 35 hrs 4 min. Our total ground time was 1 hr 50 min. And we set a new record.

However, our glory was short lived. Soon afterwards, Al Paulson of Gulfstream beat our record in a Gulfstream IV.

He did so by means of his superbly organized ground stops. While he had to make 4 refueling stops, as compared with our 2, the average ground time for each stop was 18 min.

Obviously, their records were just waiting to be broken by a Concorde. Air France organized such a trip in 1992, with a Concorde restricted to 70 passengers—mostly invited guests—reduced from the total capacity of 100 because of weight limitations.

Air France flight 1492 started in Lisbon on Oct 12, 1992. The relatively short range of the Concorde necessitated 6 refueling stops—Santo Domingo, Acapulco, Honolulu, Guam, Bangkok, Bahrain and back to Lisbon. For record purposes, the 2 captains, Claude Delorme and Jean Boye, had to perform on the entire flight, while cabin crews were changed in Honolulu and Bangkok. The gourmet menu was a book in itself.

As a typical airline operation, each groundstop was prescheduled to 90 min. This was strictly followed. A business pilot would have ignored such self-imposed rules and gone like heck the minute refueling was complete.

But, of course, the receptions and cocktails for crew and passengers could not be interrupted during the ground stops. (For the duration of the 747SP flight, only the refueling crew had been allowed to leave the airplane.

The rest of us were restricted for 37 hrs—but there was an onboard party going on all the time anyway.) On arrival in Lisbon, the Concorde was greeted by Air France Pres Bernard Attali.

The total elapsed time on the Concorde flight was 32 hrs 49 min, bettering Al Paulson's record by 3 hrs 19 min and beating the 747SP record by 4 hrs 5 min. Considering that the Concorde cruises—or cruised—at more than twice the speed of both the Boeing and the Gulfstream, this was not a very impressive new record. Of course, its total time was much increased by spending 9 hrs 19 min on the ground.

I was privileged to participate in both the 747SP and the Concorde flights. But it was a poor way to see the world. It validated the old saying—jet flying is a way of seeing less and less of more and more.


Source:
http://www.propilotmag.com/archives/2013/May%2013/Alex-May13.html

SOFIA - Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy


As the world's only flying observatory, NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, or SOFIA, is a unique space-science asset that is in high demand by the astrophysics community. SOFIA incorporates a 19-ton German-built telescope with an effective diameter of 2.5 meters in a highly modified Boeing 747SP aircraft that flies astronomical science missions at altitudes between 39,000 and 45,000 feet, above 99 percent of the infrared-blocking water vapor in the atmosphere. Capable of conducting observations in visible through far-infrared spectra from any part of the globe, SOFIA bridges the gap between terrestrial and space telescopes.

A joint program of NASA and the German Aerospace Center DLR, the SOFIA observatory is based at NASA's Science and Aircraft Integration Facility in Palmdale, Calif., a satellite facility of the NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center. NASA's Ames Research Center manages the science and mission operations in cooperation with the Universities Space Research Association and the Deutsches SOFIA Institut.

SOFIA's Airborne Astronomy Ambassadors program provides educators hands-on experience as they work with scientists during missions on the flying observatory.

[Lajtsromjelek nyomában] A4O-SO

A Royal Flight Of Oman A4O-SO lajstromjelű B747SP-jét 1979-ben...
gyártották. Eleinte a Braniff légitársaság használta, majd rövidesen vissza-
került a Boeinghez. 1984-ben Kábúsz ománi szultán vásárolta meg magán-
célra. Ekkor építették be a gépbe az amerikai légierő E-4B Nightwatch
lévőkkel megegyező műholdkommunikációs rendszert rejtő...
"púpot", mely garantáltan lehallgatásmentes kommunikációt tesz lehetővé a...
fedélzeten. Különlegessége még a hajtóművek pilonjaiba épített védelmi...
  rendszer, mely az infravörös elven működő rakéták céltévesztését hivatott
biztosítani.
A gép hívójele: Oman 2.

[Type-guide] B747SP

The first prototype: N747SP
The Boeing 747SP is a modified version of the Boeing 747 jet airliner which was designed for ultra-long-range flights. The SP stands for "Special Performance". Compared with its predecessor, the 747-100, the 747SP retains its wide-body, four-engine layout, along with its double-deck design, but has a shortened fuselage, larger tailplane, and simplified trailing edge flaps. The weight saved by the shortened fuselage permits longer range and increased speed relative to other 747 configurations.

Known during development as the short-body 747SB, the 747SP was designed to meet a 1973 joint request from Pan American World Airways and Iran Air, who were looking for a high-capacity airliner with sufficient range to cover Pan Am's New York–Middle Eastern routes and Iran Air's planned Tehran–New York route. The aircraft also was intended to provide Boeing with a mid-size wide-body airliner to compete with existing trijet airliners.

The 747SP first entered service with Pan Am in 1976. The aircraft was later acquired by VIP and government customers. While in service, the 747SP set several aeronautical performance records, but sales did not meet the expected 200 units, and production ultimately totaled 45 aircraft.


Development

B747SP cut-away
The idea for the 747SP came from a request by Pan Am for a 747 variant capable of carrying a full payload non-stop on its longest route between New York and Tokyo. Joined with Pan Am's request was Iran Air; their joint interest was for a high capacity airliner capable of covering Pan Am's New York–Middle Eastern routes and Iran Air's planned New York-Tehran route. (New York to Tehran may have been the longest non-stop commercial flight in the world for a short time, until Pan Am started Tokyo to New York in mid-1976.) The aircraft was launched with Pan Am's first order in 1973 and the first example delivered in 1976.

A shorter derivative of the 747-100, the SP was developed to target two market requirements. The first was a need to compete with the DC-10 and L-1011 while maintaining commonality with the 747, which in its standard form was too large for many routes. Boeing lacked a mid-sized wide-body to compete in this segment. The second market requirement was an aircraft suitable for the ultra-long-range routes emerging in the mid-1970s following the joint request. These routes needed not only longer range, but also higher cruising speeds. Boeing could not afford to develop an all-new design, instead opting to shorten the 747 and optimize it for speed and range, at the expense of capacity. Production of the 747SP ran from 1976 to 1983. However a VIP order for the Royal Flight of Abu Dhabi led Boeing to produce one last SP in 1987.

Flying observatory: NASA B747SP SOFIA
A special 747SP is the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) astronomical observatory, which has its airframe modified to carry a 2.5-meter-diameter reflecting telescope to high altitude, above 99.9% of the light-absorbing water vapor in the atmosphere. The telescope and its detectors cover a wide wavelength range from the near infrared to the sub-milimeter region; no window material is transparent over this whole range, so the observations are made through a 13 ft (3.96 m) square hole in the port upper quarter of the rear fuselage, aft of a new pressure bulkhead. A sliding door covers the aperture when the telescope is not in use. Astronomers take data and control the instrument from within the normally pressurised cabin. Originally delivered to Pan Am and titled "Clipper Lindbergh", NASA has the name displayed in Pan Am script on the plane.


Design

Schematic figure on the sizes of a B747SP
Apart from having a significantly shorter fuselage and one fewer cabin door per side, the 747SP differs from other 747 variants in having simplified flaps and a taller vertical tail to counteract the decrease in yaw moment-arm from the shortened fuselage. The 747SP uses single-piece flaps on the trailing edges, rather than the smaller triple-slotted flaps of standard 747s. The SP was also the first— and until the introduction of the Boeing 777-200LR (and eventually the 787-8) the only—Boeing wide-body with a wingspan greater than the length of the fuselage.

The SP could accommodate 230 passengers in a 3-class cabin or 331 in a (303 economy, 28 business) 2-class cabin, and a maximum of 440 passengers in one class. Originally designated 747SB for "short body", it later was nicknamed "Sutter's balloon" by employees after 747 chief engineer Joe Sutter. Boeing later changed the production designation to 747SP for "special performance", reflecting the aircraft's longer range and faster cruise speed. Pan Am was the launch customer for the 747SP, taking the first delivery, Clipper Freedom, on March 5, 1976, followed by Iran Air.

The 747SP was the longest-range airliner available until the 747-400 entered service in 1989. Despite its technical achievements, the SP never sold as well as Boeing hoped. Increased fuel prices in the mid-1970s to early 1980s, the SP's heavy wings, expensive cost, reduced capacity, and the increased ranges of forthcoming airliners were some of the many factors that contributed to its low sales. Only 45 were built and of those remaining, most are used by operators in the Middle East. However, some of the engineering work on the 747SP was reused with the development of the 747-300 and 747-400. In the 747SP, the upper deck begins over the section of fuselage that contains the wingbox, not ahead of the wingbox as is the case with the 747-100 and 747-200. This same design was used in the 747-300 and 747-400 resulting in a stretched upper deck.


Operators

Forty-five 747SP aircraft were built between 1974 and 1989. As of February 2013, 18 are still flying, 18 have been scrapped, and 9 are in storage, awaiting salvage or on display in museums.

As of September 2013 the following have 747SP in service:

Airlines:
  • Iran Air (EP-IAA, EP-IAB, EP-IAC, EP-IAD)
 Other corporate and private organizations:
  • Ernest Angley Ministries (P4-FSH)
  • Fry's Electronics (sometimes painted in specific livery for tours of Ballet San Jose) (N747A)
  • Las Vegas Sands (VP-BLK, VQ-BMS)
  • NASA-Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (N747NA)
  • Pratt & Whitney Canada (C-GTFF, C-FPAW)
State use:
  • Government of Bahrain (A9C-HAK)
  • Government of Oman (A4O-SO)
  • Government of Qatar (VP-BAT)
  • Government of Saudi Arabia (painted in Saudia livery) (HZ-HM1B, HZ-HM1C, HZ-AIF)
  • Government of Yemen (painted in Yemenia Airways livery) (7O-YMN)

Records

There were three significant commercial around-the-world record-setting flights flown by 747SP, two operated by Pan Am and the other operated by United Airlines with the aircraft being "loaned" to Friendship Foundation, in order to raise money for the foundation. Those flights are:
  • Liberty Bell Express—Flown from New York/JFK May 1–3, 1976. 2 stopovers at Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi and Tokyo-Haneda Airport. The round-the-world flight took 46 hours and 26 minutes over 23,137 miles.
  • Pan Am Flight 50—to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Pan Am. Flown October 28–30, 1977 from San Francisco/SFO, with a time duration of 54 hours, 7 minutes, 12 seconds. 3 stopovers at London-Heathrow Airport, Cape Town International Airport and Auckland Airport. Flight 50 flew over both the North Pole and the South Pole.
  • Friendship One—Flown January 29–31, 1988 from Seattle/SEA, to raise funds for Friendship Foundation. Two stopovers were made, at Athens Airport and Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport (formerly the Chiang Kai-shek International Airport). The record lasted less than a month, as it was beaten by a Gulfstream IV piloted in part by Gulfstream Aerospace CEO Al Paulson. The round-the-world flight took 35 hours and 54 minutes over 23,125 miles.

Specifications

Cockpit crew: 3 (2 pilots, flight engineer)
Seating capacity: 331 (28 first, 303 economy)
Overall length: 184 ft 9 in (56.31 m)
Wingspan: 195 ft 8 in (59.64 m)
Wing area: 5,500 ft² (511 m²)
Overall height: 65 ft 10 in (20.06 m)
Operating empty weight: 336,870 lb (152,780 kg)
Maximum take-off weight: 670,000 lb (304,000 kg)
Engine models (x 4): Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7R4W or Rolls-Royce RB211-524C2 turbofan engines
Engine thrust (x 4): 46,500 lbf (206.8 kN)
Maximum speed: 0.92 Mach (591 knots, 1,095 km/h)
Cruising speed: 0.88 Mach (535 knots, 990 km/h)
Service ceiling: 45,100 ft (13.75 km)
Maximum range: 6,650 nmi (12,320 km; 7,650 mi) with 276 passengers + baggage
Fuel capacity: 50,360 US gal (190,600 l)


Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_747SP
http://www.747sp.com/production-list/